Iran's holy terror

The Holocaust's 'a myth,' Israel must be 'wiped off the map,' the U.S. should just mind its own business? PAUL WILLIAM ROBERTS searches for the method to the apparent madness of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

A pub I used to patronize in London for its unusually large clientele of celebrity villains also had a lone psychotic Hungarian plasterer, whose presence I found even more dangerously riveting than that of the cream of East End felonry, which included such luminaries as the psychopathic Kray brothers (one always carried a hammer in a special pocket because guns were for "nancy boys"), Johnny Binden (who had a thriving career playing himself in movies and could hang 10 beer mugs on his erect penis), Chas (Razor) Hanford and Jimmy (Fingers) McGissie, who removed the fingers of those who annoyed him using bolt cutters, and kept thousands of blackened digits in the steel trunk that doubled as the base of his coffee table.

These were dangerous people. You didn't bump into them without apologizing profusely. You avoided eye contact. You made sure you were never overheard talking about them. They were hair-trigger cases when drunk, and would slit a throat or crack open a skull at the slightest suspicion of a dis.

When the Hungarian started disparaging them out loud, daring them to take him on but scoffing that they were too cowardly to try, I felt certain his life would end shortly. But no one touched him. They ignored him. So he kept doing it, and became a local legend.

I once summoned the courage to ask Johnny Binden why he hadn't made the man into an umbrella stand for his taunts. " 'Eza nutter, inni?" saith the Enhanced One. " 'E don't fucken care wot 'appens t'him, see? Ya don' fucken fight someone who don't care if 'e lives or dies. Wossa point?"

That pub often struck me as the world in miniature, and today Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is playing the Hungarian.

By pursuing nuclear capability, by threatening Israel's existence, by doubting the Nazi Holocaust, he knows he will achieve the same kind of reaction. Maclean's magazine finds him scary; the National Post thinks he's crazy, and the facts about him are not reassuring. Imagine the following attached to an application for high office: "Devoutly religious, adhering to extreme fundamentalist beliefs concerning an apocalyptic war between good and evil and the reappearance of a saviour. His statements about Israel and the Palestinians are often extreme, unbalanced, and their reckless bias causes furor across the Middle East. Makes no secret about wanting to export his national ideology and system of government. While his speeches make frequent reference to peace and justice, he also has openly threatened to use nuclear weapons, and there seems to be very little justice in his system for those not sharing his views."

Scary? Crazy? Before you start penning encomia to the Post and Maclean's editorial boards, please note that the previous paragraph was written about U.S. President George W. Bush, although it could apply equally to Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

To see Iran's leader objectively requires seeing Mr. Bush and his judgments in a similar manner -- even if we have to be tricked into doing it. For, if ever two men were so mirrored in each other -- ideologically, emotionally, intellectually and even spiritually, they probably weren't in a position to trigger Nukeogeddon.

The chilling fact that they are the ones we have handed the keys to life or genocide ought to drive us toward facts alone for all assessments. Partisan politics have no role in the endgame.

There has so far been a tendency to dismiss Mr. Ahmadinejad as insane or just someone grandstanding on the world's stage for a home audience -- as if either of these facile opinions explains or solves anything. The key issue is to decide whether his extreme devotion to Islam is genuine or just a garment worn for popular approval. The latter would make him a political player, and the former makes him a theocrat. You can negotiate with one, but the other is intractable -- he's doing God's will, and man, of course, is more moral than God.

Terms such as "crazy" and "scary" are also ways of saying "I don't understand," which is no way to enter a complex negotiation. It is viewed across the East as a weakness; it is also what is intended by that venerable military maxim: Never underestimate your enemy.

No one is required to like Mr. Ahmadinejad. But we need to understand him, because from understanding comes respect. And if we are to sort the rhetoric from the rectitude, respect is a sine qua non.

We'll also have to stop pretending we've done nothing to offend denizens of the area. The Chinese and Russians did some terrible things in the past, and have admitted them, but Britain and particularly America are in denial, acting like their actions have been blameless.

This may play well to the domestic audience, but it is preposterous in any of the countries involved. Try telling relatives of the 3,000 Panamanian civilians slaughtered during the Noriega "regime change" that there were few casualties. And try telling someone born in Iran around 1956 that Iranian democracy was not murdered in its crib by an Anglo-American coup d'état to keep Iranians from nationalizing their own oil.

Mr. Ahmadinejad was born on Oct. 28, 1956 -- the son of a blacksmith outside Tehran -- so the coup would have been a fact of his early life. It installed the Shah -- until then a parliamentary monarch -- as sole dictator, with 100,000 U.S. "advisers" to assist him in the toilsome work of making sure Iranian politics remained a solo act. Because of the notorious SAVAK secret police, Iran became a repressive state more brutal even than the hell created in neighbouring Iraq by the Shah's good friend, Saddam Hussein, and comparable to any of those now on the Bush administration's axis of inhumanity list.

Mr. Ahmadinejad also would have been exposed to the creation of Iran's Gandhi figure: Ayatollah Khomeini, who began by trying to rid his land of Western colonialism and ended by establishing the world's first theocratic state since the fall of the Dalai Lama.

An aging professor of jurisprudence, he was pushed out of the classroom and into history when it was suggested that Americans accused of a crime in Iran could be tried and punished only back in the United States. "Their chauffeur kills your religious leader, and he can only be tried back in America?" the Ayatollah said. "I don't think so. Today, we have lost our country . . ."

He refused to back down, and soon was forced into exile. While away from Iran, he recorded sermons decrying the Shah's wickedness and America's imperial meddling. These cassette tapes were the weapons responsible for terminating Iran's monarchy and U.S. dominance in the region. Mr. Ahmadinejad collected these recordings, and they helped him to create the style he uses today as orator, physically and mentally.

To live through momentous times and to see the hand of God in action leaves its mark on a person. But the future President's true life-altering epiphany was not Iran's revolution in 1979 but the war with Iraq that followed.

During that war, as German political scientist Matthias Küntzel recalls in the current issue of The New Republic, the Ayatollah imported 500,000 tiny plastic keys from Taiwan -- essentially as weapons because, after the Iraqis invaded, it was clear Iran's forces were no match for Saddam's professional, well-armed military.

In an attempt to compensate, the Ayatollah decided to send Iranian children, some as young as 12, to the front lines. There they marched in formation toward the enemy, clearing a path through the intervening minefields with their bodies. Before every heroic mission, one of the Taiwanese keys was hung around each child's neck -- to open the gates of paradise for them.

The children were part of the Basiji, a mass movement the Ayatollah had created in 1979. The sacrifice of the Basiji was irredeemably hideous, repellent. But even today for Iranians there is no shame entailed in the gruesome memory; indeed, there is a growing sense of pride. Furthermore, since the war ended in 1988 (when both sides in effect lost), the radical Basiji has burgeoned in numbers and in influence. Last year, it provided the political base that propelled Mr. Ahmadinejad to the presidency.

Why does he have such a special relationship with this somewhat sinister faction? Because during the war with Iran, he joined the Revolutionary Guards and was one of the Basiji's supervisors. His particular contribution, it is believed by insiders in Tehran, was to create the techniques of mind control that made sure each mission of death was conducted calmly and with joy.

The fact that Mr. Ahmadinejad ascended to the presidency on the shoulders of the Basiji is itself evidence that after almost 30 years, the Iranian revolution has entered a new and disturbing phase. The generation of Iranians whose views on life were forged by the atrocities of the Iran-Iraq war has made a sudden and successful move on power, utilizing a far more ferociously ideological approach to politics than that deployed by its predecessors.

The revolution's children are now its leaders, and at such times revolutions have often entered a phase of unexpected and savage terror that pales in comparison with anything before it, and giving the impression that someone has unlocked the gates to hell.

And this is the culture that nurtured Mr. Ahmadinejad's view of the world and life. Several people have insisted that he played a role in the 1979 takeover of the U.S. embassy, although his presidential website says he was "on active service as a Basij volunteer up to the end of the holy defence [the Iraq war] and served as a combat engineer in different spheres of duty."

After the war, having evidently improved his cachet dramatically, he served as the governor of Ardebil Province and as an organizer of Ansar-e Hezbollah, a gang of ultraviolent Islamic vigilantes.

Then, after being appointed mayor of Tehran in April, 2003, he used the position to build a network of radicals known as Abadgaran-e Iran-e Islami, or Developers of an Islamic Iran.

This role cemented his reputation -- and popularity -- as a hard-liner pledged to rolling back the liberal reforms of then-president Mohammed Khatami.

He positioned himself as the leader of a "second revolution" to eradicate corruption and Western influences from Iranian society. So when he ran for president last year, the Basiji embraced him, effectively serving as his campaign workers.

A past immersed in such a cult of self-destruction would be chillingly ominous in any country. In the context of the Iranian nuclear program, however, this obsession with martyrdom is deeply worrying. Basiji followers are no longer sent into the desert; now, they go into the laboratory. Basij students are encouraged to enroll in technical and scientific disciplines. According to a spokesman for the Revolutionary Guard, the aim is to use the "technical factor" in order to augment "national security."

During his swearing-in ceremony last year, Mr. Ahmadinejad did something very revealing, something only one other Iranian president has ever done: He kissed the hand of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the country's supreme religious ruler. More than just loyalty, the act demonstrated his firm conviction that he serves the faith, not the people.

The bottom line is that we must expect monstrosities from the current Iranian regime. What began in the early 1980s with the clearing of minefields by human detonators has led to extremists working as chemists in a uranium-enrichment facility.

So, with Mr. Ahmadinejad, the traditional U.S. approach to regime change could be the gravest of errors, and trigger the very thing it seeks to avoid. Then again, we must remember that the presidency is not the most powerful office in Iran. The oligarchs who control the unelected institutions of the state blocked the reformist agenda before Mr. Ahmadinejad because it threatened their interests. And they will block his radical Islamist and populist agenda if it turns out to be bad for business.

Left to solve its own problems, Iran will emerge from this crisis in excellent shape. Made into another Iraq, however, it could be lost forever. This is why they can elect a man no other nation would allow near politics, and it is why we need to understand the worst is here and demand restraint from all concerned.

So, let's listen to Johnny Binden and not pick a fight with the Hungarian. Wossa point?